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SS Pennsylvania (1872)
SS ''Pennsylvania'' was an iron passenger-cargo steamship built by William Cramp & Sons in 1872. The first of a series of four ''Pennsylvania''-class vessels and the lead ship in her class, ''Pennsylvania'' and her three sister ships—''Ohio'', ''Indiana'' and ''Illinois''—were the largest iron ships ever built in the United States at the time of their construction, and amongst the first to be fitted with compound steam engines. They were also the first ships to challenge British dominance of the transatlantic trade since the American Civil War.
Launched with great fanfare in 1872, ''Pennsylvania'' narrowly escaped destruction by hurricane in her first year of operation, but went on to enjoy a long and distinguished career. Though soon outclassed by newer ships, she continued in operation for some 44 years, plying various transatlantic routes and later playing a role in the Alaskan gold rush and serving as a troopship during the Spanish–American War. The ship was finally destroyed by a fire in 1918.
==Development==
The four ''Pennsylvania'' class liners were constructed at a cost of $520,000 each by William Cramp & Sons on behalf of the American Steamship Company (ASC), a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.〔Heinrich, p. 57, Flayhart, p. 20. Heinrich says the winning bid was $525,000 rather than $520,000.〕 The Railroad intended to utilize the vessels to bring European immigrants direct to Philadelphia, thus ensuring the company a steady stream of customers. In recognition of this purpose, the four ships—''Pennsylvania'', ''Indiana'', ''Illinois'' and ''Ohio''—were named after the four states serviced by the Railroad.〔Heinrich, p. 62.〕〔Flayhart, p. 23.〕 Design of the ships was entrusted to Charles H. Cramp of the Cramp & Sons shipyard, and Barnabas H. Bartol, a director of the ASC.〔Flayhart, pp. 23–24.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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